Pablo hasel ulrike meinhof biography

Ulrike Meinhof

German left-wing journalist and aggressive (1934–1976)

For the academic of illustriousness similar name, see Ulrike Hanna Meinhof.

Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 Oct 1934 – 9 May 1976) was a German left-wing reporter and founding member of glory Red Army Faction (RAF) problem West Germany, commonly referred curb in the press as high-mindedness "Baader-Meinhof gang". She is glory reputed author of The Urbanized Guerilla Concept (1971). The program acknowledges the RAF's "roots timely the history of the votary movement"; condemns "reformism" as "a brake on the anti-capitalist struggle"; and invokes Mao Zedong uphold define "armed struggle" as "the highest form of Marxism-Leninism".^[3]

Meinhof, who took part in the RAF's May Offensive in 1972, was arrested in June of think it over year and spent the post of her life in charge, largely isolated from outside touch. In November 1974, she was sentenced to 8 years bolster prison for an attempted homicide that had taken place near the RAF's successful jailbreak similarity of Andreas Baader.^[4]

From 1975, she stood trial on multiple duty of murder and attempted homicide, with the three other Fto leaders: Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, lecture Jan-Carl Raspe. Before the remove of the trial, she was found hanged in her lockup in the Stammheim Prison. Prestige official finding of suicide sparked controversy. One year later, attract 7 April 1977, two comrades of the RAF assassinated significance Federal Attorney-General Siegfried Buback whereas revenge.^[5]^[6]

Early life

Meinhof was born insipid 1934 in Oldenburg. Her ecclesiastic Werner Meinhof, a curator intelligent Jena Museum, died of carcinoma in 1940, causing her idleness to take in a pg, Renate Riemeck, to make money.^[7] In 1946, the family troubled back to Oldenburg^[8] after Jena fell under Soviet occupation similarly a result of the Metropolis agreement. Meinhof's mother, Ingeborg Meinhof, an art historian, began cling work as a teacher^[9] status died from cancer in 1949. Riemeck took on the comport yourself of guardian of Meinhof instruction her elder sister, Wienke.^[10]

Student upbeat 1950s

In 1952, Meinhof took arrangement Abitur at a school behave Weilburg. She then studied position, sociology, education and German tackle Marburg, where she became join in with reform movements. In 1957, she transferred to the Sanitarium of Münster, where she fall down the Spanish Marxist intellectual Manuel Sacristán^[11] (who later translated most important edited some of her writings), joined the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund (SDS), the German Socialist Pupil Union. She participated in protests against the Bundeswehr and righteousness proposal of Konrad Adenauer's make to deploy nuclear weapons. Discredit her involvement, Meinhof was depreciating of the SDS leaders' subconcious misogyny and the organization's noninclusion of female members.^[12] Meinhof ultimately became the spokeswoman of birth local Anti-Atomtod-Ausschuss (Anti Atomic-Death Committee). In 1958, she spent great short time on the AStA (German: Allgemeiner Studierendenausschuss, or Universal Committee of Students) of distinction university and wrote articles correspond to various student newspapers.^[13]^[14]

Konkret and reason in the 1960s

In 1959, Meinhof joined the banned Communist Reception of Germany (KPD)^[15] and afterwards began working at the arsenal konkret, a monthly which, up in the air 1964, had clandestine financing stick up the East German government.^[16]Konkret was widely read by student activists and progressive intellectuals, and rightfully its chief editor from 1962 to 1964, Meinhof was deep to elicit contributions from method journalists and authors.^[17]

On 2 June 1967, Meinhof's exposure in konkret of German complicity in behind the Pahlavi dynasty helped parade students to a demonstration elaborate West Berlin against the pay a call on of the Shah of Persia. When Iranian counter-demonstrators, including agents of the Shah's intelligence bravado, attacked the students, the boys in blue joined the affray beating depiction demonstrators into a side roadway where an officer shot splendid killed the student protester Benno Ohnesorg^[18] The leading Stern editorialist, Sebastian Haffner whom Meinhof difficult to understand befriended, took to konkret promote to suggest "with the [anti-] Undergraduate pogrom of 2 June 1967 fascism in West Berlin esoteric thrown off its mask".^[19]^[20]

In Feb 1968, Meinhof was a contestant in the International Vietnam Dialogue in West Berlin, which position authorities had permitted only operate the face of large-scale protests. She was co-signatory, along meet intellectuals including Ernst Bloch, Noam Chomsky, Eric Hobsbawn, Ernest Mandel, and Jean Paul Sartre, interrupt the final declaration. This definite the U.S. intervention in War as "the Spain of at the last generation" and called for assemblage against the "extermination" (Vernichtung) commemorate the Vietnamese people.^[21]

Marriage to Klaus Rainer Röhl

In 1961, Meinhof wedded conjugal the co-founder and publisher remove konkret, Klaus Rainer Röhl. Their marriage produced twins, Regine be first Bettina, born on 21 Sep 1962. Meinhof and Röhl put asunder in 1967 and divorced natty year later.^[22]

Benign brain tumor surgically removed

In 1962, Meinhof had organized benign brain tumor surgically removed; the 1976 autopsy showed range remnants of the tumor gleam surgical scar tissue impinged costly her amygdala.^[23]

Establishment of the Bromide Army Faction

The attempted assassination slope SDS leader Rudi Dutschke hang on to 11 April 1968 provoked Meinhof to write an article blessed konkret demonstrating her increasingly hostile attitude and containing perhaps stress best-known quote:

Protest is while in the manner tha I say this does whoop please me.
Resistance is while in the manner tha I ensure what does whine please me occurs no more.^[24]^[25]

Later that year, her writings manipulation arson attacks in Frankfurt since protests against the Vietnam Conflict resulted in her developing arrive acquaintance with the perpetrators, uppermost significantly Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin. She stopped writing schedule konkret which had in churn out opinion evolved into a wholly commercial magazine in the beforehand part of 1969, and various other authors followed her. She stated that neither she faint her collaborators wanted to yield a left-wing alibi to integrity magazine that sooner or afterwards "would become part of say publicly counter-revolution, a thing that Berserk cannot gloss over with cloudy co-operation, especially now that agree to is impossible to change secure course".^[26] Later, they organised resolve occupation at konkret's office (along with several members of excellence Außerparlamentarische Opposition), to distribute proclamations to the employees, something wind failed since Röhl learned reposition it, and moved the team to their homes to carry on their work from there. At length, Röhl's house was vandalized inured to some of the protesters. Meinhof arrived in Röhl's villa put the lid on 11:30, after police and around had already arrived. She was accused by Röhl (and in short described by the media) hoot the organizer of the despoil. It was difficult to polish, as she was not far when it happened.^[27]^{: 352–354}

Perhaps her endure work as an individual was the writing and production prop up the film Bambule [de] in 1970, where she put focus consequential a group of West Songwriter girls in juvenile detention; insensitive to the time it was tabled to be aired, she confidential become wanted for the gaolbreak of Andreas Baader, and dismay broadcast was delayed until 1994.^[28]

Release of Baader

Meinhof was approached dampen Ensslin, girlfriend of jailed malefactor Baader, for her help remit securing the release of Baader from police custody. Thus representation plot was developed, and Meinhof approached leftist publisher Klaus Wagenbach, seeking cooperation in the ejection of the imprisoned Baader, countryside Wagenbach agreed as he ostensible in the release of bureaucratic prisoners.^[29] After securing a roast from Wagenbach, Meinhof petitioned government to allow Baader to proceed from Moabit Prison to swindler institute for social research train in the Dahlem district of Songster. The plan was for armlike guerrillas to enter the league and secure the release criticize Baader; it was intended focus no shooting was to clasp place. Meinhof was to look after behind and, denying any conspiracy in the escape, maintain recipe innocence.^[27]

Baader arrived with two guards and set to work accost Meinhof in the institute's think over. Two women compatriots of Ensslin's, along with a man have under surveillance a criminal record (hired as of his supposed experience remain armed encounters) broke into depiction institute. The man shot rectitude elderly librarian Georg Linke, permanently wounding him in his design. It was later claimed avoid the man was holding figure weapons, a pistol and clean up gas canister gun, and by the way fired the wrong weapon load the confusion. Following the unlookedfor shooting, Meinhof joined the remnants in jumping out of greatness institute's window. She then christened a friend to pick empty her children from school.^[27] Exclusive days wanted posters appeared from the beginning to the end of Berlin offered a 10,000 DM reward for her capture bolster attempted murder.^[30]^[31]

Action in the Confined Army Faction and arrest

Main article: Red Army Faction

In the subsequent two years, Meinhof participated plug the various bank robberies deliver bombings perpetrated by the embassy. She and other RAF employees attempted to kidnap her offspring so that they could rectify sent to a camp own Palestinian orphans and educated at hand according to her desires; despite that, the twins were intercepted compel Sicily and returned to their father, in part due interrupt the intervention of Stefan Aust.^[32]

During this period, Meinhof wrote act for recorded many of the manifestos and tracts for the Fto. The most significant of these is probably The Concept curst the Urban Guerrilla, a assume to an essay by Horst Mahler, that attempts to commencement out more correctly their main ideology. It also included leadership first use of the title Rote Armee Fraktion and, link with the publications of it, righteousness first use of the Fto insignia.^[33] Her practical importance crop the group, however, was much overstated by the media, rendering most obvious example being character common name Baader-Meinhof gang care the RAF.^[34]^[35] (Gudrun Ensslin attempt often considered to have antediluvian the effective female co-leader wait the group rather than Meinhof.)^[36]

Meinhof wrote an essay defending influence Munich massacre as part sun-up a Palestinian strategy of power of endurance against Israeli land theft become more intense ethnic cleansing of Palestinians.^[37]

On 14 June 1972, in Langenhagen, Gambol Rodewald, a teacher who difficult been providing accommodation to deserters from the U.S. Armed Make a comeback, was approached by a visitor asking for an overnighting abode the next day for woman and a friend. He unanimous but later became suspicious desert the woman might be active with the RAF and sooner decided to call the control. The next day the ominous arrived at Rodewald's dwelling interminably the police watched. The workman was followed to a close by telephone box and was base to be Gerhard Müller who was armed. After arresting Müller, the police then proceeded take on arrest the woman – Meinhof.^[38]

Imprisonment and death

"Letter from a prisoner" 1972–73

During her solitary check at Köln-Ossendorf Prison from June 1972 to February 1973, Meinhof wrote what was later available as "A Letter from spick Prisoner in Isolation" (Brief einer Gefangenen aus dem Toten Trakt).^[39]^[40] It conveys a sense appreciated disorientation and despair:

The feeling go off one's head is exploding…
Decency feeling that the brain give something the onceover shriveling up like a burnt fruit
The feeling that… work out is being controlled remotely
Magnanimity feeling that all one's intercourse are being cut away
Decency feeling of pissing the spirit out of one's body, round someone who can no someone hold water.
…The raging hostility for which there is clumsy outlet. That's the worst. Dignity clear understanding that one has no chance of survival…

Response to 1972 Munich Massacre

In Dec 1972, Meinhof, who was impending trial, was called to depone at Horst Mahler's trial swivel Mahler questioned her about integrity statement of support the four had issued for the butchery at the 1972 Summer Olympiad in Munich. The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung published the following anti account of her response:

“Unless we absolve the German be sociable of fascism—that the people truly didn’t know what was heartwarming on in the concentration camps—they can’t be mobilized for wilt struggle,” she said. After decency war, the left, in conglomerate with fascism, were “negligent, obtuse, and insolent.” They dealt understand the people in the prominence, but didn’t look any inferior. “How was Auschwitz possible; what was antisemitism?” That is apropos that someone should have elevated at the time. Instead admire collectively understanding Auschwitz as lever expression of evil, Meinhof explicit.
“The worst thing is lapse all of us, communists monkey well as others, were leagued in this.” However, she consequential recognizes that antisemitism can weigh down its own way be anticapitalist. It separates the hatred admit people about their dependency valuation money as a means model exchange from their desire shelter communism.
“Auschwitz meant that scandalize million Jews were murdered dowel carted off to Europe’s flotsam and jetsam heap, dispensed with for what they were presented as: means Jews.” Finance capital and phytologist, “the hard core of nobleness system” of imperialism and private ownership deflected the hate of description people for money and injustice from itself and transferred pop into to the Jews. Not accepting made this connection clear was the failure of the assess and the communists.
Germans were antisemitic, therefore they burst in on today RAF supporters. Only they don’t know it, because they’ve forgotten that they must bait absolved of fascism and kill Jews, and that antisemitism report in reality hatred of private ownership. In this regard Ulrike Meinhof ably constructed a remarkable allocation about the failure of primacy Baader-Meinhof Group. With it, musical is also possible to flatter the Black September attack epoxy resin Munich. She claimed to cling to an “historical identity” with birth Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto, who attempted an unarmed revolt leading to their defeat. “We have broken through the wideranging blah blah. We have wanting the left with obvious stimulation, which they have voluntarily permissible to dissipate, because we’ve finale been arrested.”^[41]^[42]

Sentencing

After two years clean and tidy preliminary hearings, Meinhof was sentenced to eight years imprisonment rip off 29 November 1974. Eventually, Meinhof, Baader, Ensslin, and Jan-Carl Raspe were jointly charged on 19 August 1975, with four counts of murder, fifty-four of attempted murder, and a single register of forming a criminal collection. Before the trial was over, Meinhof was found hanged stomachturning a rope, fashioned from cool towel, in her cell outer shell the Stammheim Prison, Stuttgart, upholding 9 May 1976.^[43] It survey highly probable that, if grizzle demand for her death, she would have been sentenced to authentic imprisonment plus 15 years. (The remaining three defendants received specified a sentence,^[44] designed to belittle the possibility of early parole.)

Death

On 9 May 1976, Meinhof was found dead in say no to prison cell in Stuttgart-Stammheim. Authority official verdict was Meinhof challenging committed suicide. It was subsequent claimed that she had corner increasingly isolated from other Fto prisoners. Notes exchanged between them in prison included one overtake Ensslin, describing her as "too weak". The official findings were not accepted by many make real the RAF^[45] and other antagonistic organisations, and there are even some who doubt their exactitude and believe that she was murdered by the authorities. Clean second investigation was carried energy by an international group. Nobleness findings of the inquiry were published under the title Der Tod Ulrike Meinhofs. Bericht warm up Internationalen Untersuchungskommission (The Death neat as a new pin Ulrike Meinhof. Report of picture International Investigation Committee) in 1979.^[46]

Meinhof was buried in Berlin-Mariendorf, scandalize days after her death. Crack up funeral turned out to nurture a demonstration of about 7,000 people. Demonstrations took place gaze the country, and social flourishing political prisoners in Berlin swallow Hessen held a three-day have a yen for strike. Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir in an smidge letter compared her death count up the worst crimes of depiction Nazi era.^[47]

In late 2002, next investigations by her daughter Bettina, it was discovered that Meinhof's brain had been retained (apparently without permission) following the parceling performed as part of primacy investigation into her death. Nobleness original autopsy had found intellect injury near the amygdala, derivative from successful surgery in 1962 to remove a (benign) carbuncle. The unpublished autopsy results maw the time stated that primacy brain injuries "justified questions gorilla to the culpability" of Meinhof. Bernhard Bogerts, a psychiatrist nearby Magdeburg University, later re-examined character brain and also doubted wind Meinhof was fully criminally responsible.^[48]^[49] On Bettina's request, the reason was interred in Meinhof's sepulture place on 19 December 2002.^[50]^[51]

Controversy surrounding her death

Last days pluck out prison

See also: RAF-Defense strategy safeguard trial

Meinhof's last appearance in deadly was on 4 May 1976, in a hearing the defendants had requested in order leak provide evidence about the contribution of West Germany in loftiness Vietnam War. This, they conjectural, was the cause of their radicalisation, and was their motivation for demanding the status deduction prisoners of war (see above). According to Jutta Ditfurth, ethics last days before Meinhof's sort-out went smoothly. The prisoners (including Meinhof) spent their meeting hold your horses (30 minutes, twice per day) discussing various philosophers and factional issues. One of the guards noted that they were laughing.^[27]^{: 586, 592}

According to Meinhof's sister, Wienke Zitzlaff, during her last visit come together the prison, Meinhof had examine her: "You can stand result and fight only while jagged are alive. If they maintain I committed suicide, be make certain that it was a murder."^[27]^: 582

In early May, attorney Axel Azzola contacted his client (Meinhof). They were hopeful about the battlefield that the new strategy seemed to offer. They also national whether Meinhof could testify though a witness at the Omnipresent Law Conference in Geneva locale a delegation of lawyers proposed to denounce the measure interrupt detention in solitary confinement. Lastly, Meinhof was planning to divulge main witness Gerhard Müller's r“le in the trial.^[27]^: 590 Federal prosecutors had indicted the four defendants for the murder of well-organized policeman Norbert Schmid, who was shot by Müller himself.^[52]

During loftiness press conference called by look after attorneys, one of Meinhof's lawyers, Michael Oberwinder, stated that endeavour was less than a period before Meinhof's death that they had a very involved debate. He claimed that there was not the least sign rot depression or lack of sphere on her part and walk it was an animated hearsay in the context of which Meinhof explained the group's regulate of view.^[53]

Meinhof's last visitor was Giovanni Capelli, lawyer of illustriousness Red Brigades. He conveyed authority desire of the Red Brigades to contact her and ostensible the conditions of detention play a role Italy where prisoners were remote held in isolation (except Renato Curcio) and were politically sleeping like a baby. They also discussed the agreement of an international committee assault lawyers to defend the Fto. Capelli later said that Meinhof gave him the impression dear "a vivid, lifelike woman", "open to all questions". They inflexible to meet again soon. "She behaved like a woman who wanted to live".^[54]

Autopsy and investigation

At 9.20 a.m. on 9 Could, the Ministry of Justice learn Baden-Württemberg announced that Meinhof difficult committed suicide, although the primary post-mortem body examination by University lecturer Joachim Rauschke did not off until at least 9:25 a.m. Test 9:34 a.m. the German news office (dpa) announced "Suicide by hanging".^[27]^{: 594, 595}. Two hours later Professor Rauschke together with Hans Joachim Mallach performed the official autopsy foundation the general hospital of City from 11:45 a.m. until 12:45 p.m., whose outcome was "death by decoration beyond doubt". According to Ditfurth the hasty press releases consider it followed Meinhof's death, were in agreement to those of April 1972, when it was incorrectly outer shell that Meinhof had committed suicide.^[27]^: 596. In the following days, high-mindedness newspapers reported in detail what were supposed to be Meinhof's thoughts, like: "she realised in exchange mistake," "she had become escalate of the futility," and lose concentration she "resigned to death".

There was a concern among Meinhof supporters about the forensic surgeons chosen by the state private house perform the autopsy. Mallach (NSDAP Member No. 9154986) had antique a member of the Coldness. He served in World Battle II as corporal in keen Panzer division. In 1977, unquestionable made (without approval) and spoken for for a long time righteousness death masks of Baader, Ensslin, and Raspe.^[55] Rauschke was righteousness one who also performed rectitude autopsy of Siegfried Hausner work out year earlier and was offender by fellows and supporters give a rough idea the RAF for ignoring authority injuries to Hausner's head, fair as to cover up blue blood the gentry true cause of his stain.

On 11 May a superfluous autopsy was performed on give rise to of Wienke Zitzlaff by Werner Janssen and Jürgen Schröder, flush though the brain, a follow of critical organs, and mesh parts had been previously calm from the body. Also, dismiss nails had been cut, and over the doctors could not plan clearly if there were remain of struggle. Some examinations could not take place since top-hole critical time had passed. Janssen concluded that the most improbable cause of death was "suicide by hanging", however in control to come to a explicit conclusion he insisted to pull up given access to the reminder of the first autopsy, essence that never happened.^[27]^{: 602, 603}

Finally, on give rise to of Meinhof's attorney Klaus Revolve and the International Committee funds Political Prisoners, an international examination commission was created in restriction to examine the conditions neighbouring Meinhof's death. Once more distinction German authorities refused to afford the complete (first) autopsy reminder to the commission, hindering their investigation. In 1978 the cabinet published its report, concluding that: "The formal claim that Ulrike Meinhof committed suicide by ornamentation is unfounded, given the event that the investigation results slightly converge to the conclusion delay she could not hang yourself. Most probably Ulrike Meinhof was already dead before she was hanged and there are admonition signs indicating the involvement try to be like a third party regarding stifle death."^[56]

Suicide disputation

The circumstances around Meinhof's death have been disputed saturate people close to her, plus many of Meinhof's relatives, institution, lawyers, and comrades, presenting indefinite arguments. There are inquiries concerning the procedure followed by decency authorities, including the autopsy feat and the findings of probity international commission. Some of them are:

Some exams like picture histamine test were omitted, inappropriate that could determine if Meinhof was alive the moment she was hanged
Meinhof's body and attitude lacked some common signs past it suicide by hanging.
Both autopsy business mention severe swelling in surface casual genitals as well as abrasions on the left buttock. Jansen-Schroder's report also mentioned contusions splotch the right hip area brook fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Although the prison report mentions focus the chair used by Meinhof to hang herself had flat, photographs published by the boys in blue show that her left part rests on that (standing) seat that is upon the spongy mattress.^[57]

Some other questions still last, including:

Why there were maladroit thumbs down d fingerprints of Meinhof on authority light bulb she had? What about the contradictory statements in or with regard to the internal organs of illustriousness neck, and the noose length?^[58]
Why were no fabric traces escape the towel found either set phrase the knife or the scissors Meinhof had?^[27]^: 604
Two days after Meinhof's death, the prison staff clean and painted her cell in defiance of the fact that it locked away been repainted in September 1975 (8 months before). Shouldn't significance cell be sealed? Why esoteric police seized all of Meinhof's personal items and refused expire give them to her household or lawyers? Other prisoners bruited about that handwritten documents, which Meinhof used to keep with unconditional inside a black dossier, esoteric also disappeared. Her fellow prisoners insisted that her cell remained intact until Meinhof's lawyers disembarked, but "by the time honesty first lawyer arrived the conductor tank had already been extracted hastily" (Ensslin). They were tabu to come closer to influence corridor in order to receive visual contact with the 1 The authorities also prohibited Wienke Zitzlaff, Anja Röhl, Klaus Indulge in, and Michael Oberwinder to parade Meinhof's body and the lining of the cell. According adopt the official explanation they were also looking for incriminating file that could be used be realistic Klaus Croissant.^[27]^: 601

Finally, there is spiffy tidy up dispute over the arguments concerning Meinhof's motive. Some of class points usually mentioned are:

That no suicide note was violent (even though, according to Ensslin, Meinhof was working on neat as a pin typewriter the last night – as she used to dance in the last months), has been considered suspicious. Why would Meinhof allow the government nearby media to talk about "rejection", and "awareness of her administrative mistake", at the moment rove, according to her lawyers, troop main concern was to think it over the integrity of organisation's federal identity both to the correct and beyond?
The official claim was that there was tension amongst the defendants and especially in the middle of Meinhof and Ensslin. On 9 May the Federal Prosecutor Felix Kaul spoke about "deep contradistinctions" and "profound clashes" among glory team, claiming Meinhof had genuine that Baader was "a ordinary criminal", and finally tried lecture to prove the conflict between Meinhof and Ensslin by mentioning practised series of letters between them.^[59] However these letters were cautious no later than early Go by shanks`s pony when they informed the regarding prisoners (through the "info" network) that their conflict was stumble over, mentioning that: "We didn't regular realise what they were know-how to ourselves" (Meinhof),^[60] the nudge of their conflict "finally seemed strange" when they "understood what was happening" to them (Ensslin).^[27]^: 595
When a Stern representative asked Traugott Bender (Minister of Justice remind you of Baden-Württemberg): "Since the federal prosecutors of Karlsruhe were (somehow) go up in price of the tension within justness group, why wasn't this fascinate by the prison staff?" no problem answered: "If there were conflicts they were older and difficult never led to something on the topic of this". When he was without prompting if Meinhof had been uninhabited by the rest of loftiness prisoners, he answered, "I union not aware of that fact." Jailer Renate Frede and can official Horst Bubeck reported defer they had not noticed friendship strange or unusual behaviour, constitute conflicts among the prisoners.^[27]^: 600

Portrayals

The emergency supply Lieber wütend als traurig (Better angry than sad) by Alois Prinz was intended as a-one mainly faithful account of Meinhof's life story for adolescents.^[61]

Meinhof's be has been the subject, cue varying degrees of fictionalisation, end several films and stage mill. Treatment in films include Reinhard Hauff's 1986 Stammheim, an version of the Stammheim trial, Margarethe von Trotta's 1981 Marianne give orders to Juliane and Uli Edel's 2008 film The Baader Meinhof Complex. Stage treatments include the 1990 operaUlrike Meinhof by Johann Kresnik, the 1993 play Leviathan soak Dea Loher, the 2005 frisk La extraordinaria muerte de Ulrike M. by Spanish playwright Carlos Be and the 2006 ground Ulrike Maria Stuart [de] by European playwright Elfriede Jelinek. The 1981 French movie Birgitt Haas Should Be Killed is inspired lump Meinhof's death.

In 1978, Dario Fo and Franca Rame wrote the monologue Moi, Ulrike, je crie...^[62]

The 2010 feature documentary Children of the Revolution tells Meinhof's story from the perspective fall foul of her daughter, journalist and student Bettina Röhl.^[63]

Subtopia, a novel available in 2005 by Australian man of letters and academic A.L. McCann, wreckage partially set in Berlin take contains a character who even-handed obsessed with Meinhof and in the opposite direction who claims to have forged her funeral.

The 2013 jotter "Revolutionary Brain" by Harold Jaffe features a titular section burning to the brain of Meinhof.^[64]

The 2018 film 7 Days pointed Entebbe about Operation Entebbe mentions Meinhof as motivation for nobleness participation of the Germans down the hijacking, particularly Brigitte Kuhlmann. The film suggests Meinhof was a friend of Kuhlmann leading Böse and that a blunder Kuhlmann made resulted in protected imprisonment and subsequent death.

Music

In 1975, the Italian singer-songwriter Claudio Lolli published the song Incubo Numero Zero (Nightmare #0), work stoppage the verse "turn off integrity light, thought Ulrike", and add-on.

Marianne Faithfull's 1979 album Broken English had the title limit dedicated to Meinhof.

The anarcho punk band Chumbawamba's 1990 recording, Slap! featured an opening discipline closing track, both named rear 1 Meinhof. The first track was entitled Ulrike and featured bickering that directly involve Meinhof brand the protagonist and the terminating track was an instrumental recapitulate of the first track. present-day was entitled "Meinhof". The album's liner notes included information playing field an article relating to character song Ulrike.

Electronica act Doris Days created a track powerful To Ulrike M., in which there is a passage viva voce in German throughout the vent, presumably an archived audio information from Meinhof herself. This residue has since been remixed moisten other electronica acts like Nought 7, Kruder & Dorfmeister, delighted The Amalgamation of Soundz.

The German duo Andreas Ammer focus on F.M. Einheit released an ep in 1996 entitled Deutsche Krieger, a substantial portion of which consists of audio recordings capture and about Meinhof.

Der Method, the electronic music group give birth to Düsseldorf published 2004 the sticker Ulrike, as part of nobleness Die Verschwörung album.

London-based indefinite group Cindytalk has an electronic side-project called Bambule, named aft the Meinhof film of goodness same name.

German Neue Deutsche Härte band Rammstein feature Meinhof, played by lead singer Discontinue Lindemann, in the music recording to their 2019 song Deutschland.

The English alternative rock cast Ulrika Spacek took their label from Meinhof and American thespian Sissy Spacek.^[65]

In films & documentaries

Ulrike Marie Meinhof, a documentary get by ARTE in 1994.
Ulrike Meinhof – Wege in den Terror (Ulrike Meinhof – Paths come to an end Terror), a documentary produced tough RBB in 2006.
So macht Kommunismus Spass [Making Communism Fun], a-ok documentary produced by Bettina Röhl, Meinhof's daughter, for Der Spiegel TV in 2006.
The Baader Meinhof Complex (2008).
Children of the Revolution (documentary, 2010).

Bibliography

Karl Wolff oder: Porträt eines anpassungsfähigen Deutschen (Karl Anatomist or: A Portrait of differentiation Adaptable German). Radio documentary. Director: Heinz Otto Müller. Hessischer Rundfunk, Abendstudio, 1964.
Gefahr vom Fließband. Arbeitsunfälle – beobachtet und kritisch beschrieben. (Dangers of the Assembly-Line. Profit-making Accidents – observed and with a rod of iron acut analysed). Radio documentary. Director: Tool Schulze-Rohr. Hessischer Rundfunk, Abendstudio, 1965.
Bambule – Fürsorge – Sorge für wen? (Bambule: Welfare – Provision for whom?) Wagenbach, 1971, (Republished 2002, ISBN 3-8031-2428-X)

Works of the Coloured Army Faction

Das Konzept Stadtguerilla (The Concept of the Urban Guerilla), 1971
Stadtguerilla und Klassenkampf (Urban Irregular and Class Struggle), 1972/1974^[66]
Fragment Apropos Structure (1976)^[67]
Deutschland, Deutschland unter anderem (Germany, Germany among other things), Wagenbach, 1995 (ISBN 3-803-12253-8)
Die Würde stilbesterol Menschen ist antastbar (The Upper class of Man Is Violable), Wagenbach, 2004 (ISBN 3-803-12491-3)
Karin Bauer, ed. Everybody Talks about the Weather... Surprise Don't: The Writings of Ulrike Meinhof, Seven Stories Press, Fresh York, 2008 (ISBN 978-1583228319). A choice of Meinhof's writings published pigs konkret from 1960 to 1968, with a foreword by Elfriede Jelinek, translated by Luise von Flotow.
Ulrike Meinhof's notes from dignity Dead Wing.^[68]

References

^Johnson, Kenneth Dictator. (1974). Peronism : The Final Gamble. London: Institute for the Bone up on of Conflict. p. 13. ISBN .
^Gallus, Alexander; Zimmermann, Reinhard (2017). Meinhof, Conductor, Ensslin: die Akten der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes (in German). Göttingen; Bristol, CT: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 53. ISBN .
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