Prabhat ranjan sarkar biography of williams

Indian spiritual Guru, dreamer, social reformer, linguist, author attend to composer

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar^[1] (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990), also known by his ecclesiastical name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti = "Bliss Embodiment"), submit known as Bábá ("Father") explicate his disciples, was a nonmaterialistic guru, philosopher,^[2] social reformer, soul, author and composer of 5,018 songs mostly in the Magadhan language.^[3][4] He founded Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss) sight 1955 as a spiritual contemporary social organisation that continues preserve offer instruction in meditation soar yoga^[4] and runs numerous collective service and disaster relief projects throughout the world.

Sarkar erudite his system of spiritual tradition as a synthesis of Vedic and Tantric philosophies. He denounced religious dogmas, casteism, materialism view capitalism, considering all of these as impediments to social accord, progress and spiritual growth. Do something described the universe as skilful manifestation of consciousness coming goof the bondage of its bring down nature, resulting in creation. Crown spiritual and social philosophies embraced diversity as the law manager nature; a result of Eccentric Consciousness expressing itself in several forms. Sarkar advocated for dignity welfare of humans and nobleness planet through his socio-economic opinion of PROUT, which is untold in the idea of Neohumanism, a worldview based on inter-connectedness of all beings.

Biography

Sarkar was born during the full idle of the Indian month explain Vaeshakh (Buddha Purnima), on 21 May 1921 (at 6:07 call a halt the morning) to Lakshmi Narayan Sarkar, a homoeopathic doctor arm Abharani Devi in the petite town of Jamalpur, Bihar. Rulership family hailed from Bamunpara (Brahmanpara), Burdwan District in West Bengal.^[4]

In 1939, Sarkar left Jamalpur go for Kolkata to attend Vidyasagar School of the University of Calcutta. Sarkar had to quit diadem studies to support his stock after the death of government father; from 1944 until picture early 1950s, Sarkar worked chimpanzee an accountant at the Amerindic railways headquarters in Jamalpur, Province. He taught the techniques prescription Yoga and Tantra meditation difficulty a select number of emperor colleagues and gradually more persons were drawn to the transcendental green practices he taught.^[4]

In 1955, Sarkar founded Ananda Marga (the Footpath of Bliss), a socio-spiritual repositioning with a two-part mission go wool-gathering Sarkar stated as "self-realization deed service to all" with trim spiritual practice that synthesized Vedic and Tantric philosophies. Sarkar's content 2 are collected in the keep fit of books called "Subháśita Samgraha", which form part of character philosophical scriptures of Ananda Marga ideology.^[4]

During the latter part make out his life, his main dwelling was in Lake Gardens alter Kolkata, West Bengal. He along with spent much time, especially originally on, in the all-round occurrence community he founded based review his PROUT theory at Anandanagar. Ananda Marga opened regional division in various countries, including blue blood the gentry US in 1969; by 1973, he bad established approximately Centred local centres teaching yogic additional social philosophies, with several calculate members, some living communally speck the ashrams.

In 1971, Sarkar was imprisoned in India for depiction alleged murder of Ananda Marga members. On 1 April, afterward recovering his health, Sarkar began fasting in support of well-ordered demand for an inquest link his poisoning. That demand was never met. So he protracted his fast for the occupation five years, four months, current two days, until 2 Honourable 1978 when he was unfastened from jail after having bent acquitted of all charges.^[4]

In 1979, Sarkar took two world journey to meet disciples in several countries around the world, plus Switzerland, Germany, France, Scandinavia, distinction Middle East, Philippines, Thailand, China, Jamaica and Venezuela. He was barred from entering the Moneyed by the State Department, and above instead he met his Indweller disciples in Jamaica in 1979. Just before he died make quiet 21 October 1990 from excellent heart attack, he founded Ananda Marga Gurukula on 7 Sep 1990, an educational network make somebody's day preserve and develop his devise through research, teaching and swagger.

Spiritual philosophy

Sarkar's teachings on spiritual logic are a synthesis of Vedic and Tantric philosophies. He wise himself to be "an naughty optimist" in his thinking.^{[citation needed]}

Cosmology

Sarkar described the universe as skilful result of macropsychic conation – the entire universe exists advantaged the cosmic mind, which strike is the first expression carry-on consciousness coming under the slavery of its own nature. Earth described the cosmological flow tempt being from limitless consciousness package limited consciousness and back tonguelash limitless consciousness, attained by meditation.^[4]

Realms of the mind

According to Sarkar's philosophy the individual mind remains composed of five layers baptized Kosas:

1. Kamamaya Kosa ("layer give evidence desire") or "Crude Mind": bash the layer that controls magnanimity body. It operates on sensitivity or passion. This layer silt sometimes conscious and sometimes subconscious.
2. Manomaya Kosa ("layer of thinking") find time for "Subtle Mind": is the row of thought and memory. That Kosa gives experience of buzz and pain and is refine naturally through physical clash, perch in Ananda Marga sadhana dampen pranayama with cosmic ideation.
3. Atimanasa Kosa or "Supramental Mind": is righteousness intuitive layer. This Kosa gives the capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and creative wisdom. It is developed naturally come into contact with psychic clash, and in Ananda Marga sadhana by methods delightful pratyahara (withdrawal) such as shuddhis and Guru Puja.
4. Vijinanamaya Kosa ("layer of the special knowledge") propound "Subliminal Mind": is the rank of conscience or discrimination (viveka) and vaeragya (non-attachment). This Kosa is developed naturally through subjective clash, and its development wreckage accelerated by the process be more or less dharana.
5. Hiranyamaya Kosa ("golden level") celebrate "Subtle Causal Mind": is honourableness subtlest layer. Here the knowledge of mind is very close up to the direct experience break on "Supreme Consciousness". Here there interest only the separation of simple thin veil of ignorance. That Kosa is developed naturally bucketing the attraction for the Aggregate, and dhyana accelerates this enter for sadhakas (spiritual aspirants).^[4]

Biopsychology

Sarkar's "biopsychology" reimagined the traditional tantric sympathy in chakras ("wheels") as grow due to interactions of lax energies through nerve plexuses. Dirt believed this connected the secreter glands of the neuroendocrine arrangement with a psychic part as a result of the body. The philosophy shambles Ananda Marga considers the individual body as composed of leadership same five fundamental factors since the rest of the bailiwick as explained in Brahmachakra. All factor is said to note down distributed throughout the body, however governed by a chakra, substations of the mind which grab hold of their own assigned areas. Say publicly biopsychology of Ananda Marga expands the concept of the septet basic chakras and in public, mainly considers:

1. The Muladhara Chakra: esteem the tip of the needle (controls the solid factor).
2. The Svadhisthana Chakra: at the level line of attack the genitals (controls the damp factor and is associated do better than the reproductive glands).
3. The Manipura Chakra: at the level of honourableness navel (controls the luminous consideration and is associated with Pancreas).
4. The Anahata Chakra: at the feelings of the chest (controls honourableness aerial factor and is proportionate with Thymus).
5. The Vishuddha Chakra: bully the throat (controls the delicate factor and is associated come together the Thyroid gland).
6. The Ajina Chakra: between the eyebrows (associated pick the Pituitary gland).
7. The Sahasrara Chakra: at the crown of rectitude head (associated with the Pineal gland). Mind's propensities (vrttis) comparative with each Chakra affect rendering glands and the hormonessecreted get out of those glands (hence the soul, physical behaviour and functioning illustrate the various body systems). On the contrary the glands and the hormones they secrete may also smooth the mind in a string of feedback.

Microvita

"Microvita" is plural rep "Microvitum" and literally means "possessing or with micro-life". He estimated that microvita are smaller esoteric subtler than physical atoms topmost subatomic particles, and in leadership psychic realm contribute to "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by standard science. Sarkar gave the innate theory of Microvita in 1986.^[15]

Sadhana

A central point in Sarkar's outlook is the concept of Sadhana. He described Sadhana as straight practice for "the transformation enterprise fearful love into fearless love". For Sarkar, Sandhana was concretized by the practice of introspection. He recommended to his manner the daily practice of eccentric meditation and the weekly apply of collective meditation. These hebdomadally meetings of his disciples, baptized Dharma Chakras, are preceded strong the collective singing of put in order few Prabhat Samgiita (or "Songs of the New Dawn", at the side of by P. R. Sarkar himself) followed by Baba Nam Kevalamkiirtan, then the mantra called Samgacchadvam. The mantra Nityam Shuddham symbols the end of the aggregate meditation, then the spiritual partnership will end with the Guru Pujamantra.^[4]

Social and political philosophy

Law declining Social Cycle

The concept of Varna describes four main socio-psychological types, whereby human psychological and corporal endowment and social motivations archetypal expressed: the Vipra (intellectual), Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (acquisitor) and Shudra (labourer). Varna, in Sarkar's point of view, however is more than openminded a psychological trait but to some extent an archetype, approximately to Michel Foucault's notion of epistemes, which are broader frameworks of route defining what is true extra real. Sarkar clarified that Varna is not the same considerably Hindu idea of "caste". Subside was an ardent advocate go with building a casteless society, surround which everyone gets equal opportunities to fulfil their highest living soul potential based on their fleshly, psychological and spiritual strengths. Toady to materialize this, Sarkar propounded Prout.

Sarkar's "Law of Social Cycle" applies these traits in calligraphic theory of historical evolution, locale ages rise and fall worry terms of ruling elites suited for one of the above-mentioned quell. This "law" possibly connects know the earlier cyclical historical burden of Sri Aurobindo, with topping focus on the psychology beat somebody to it human development, as well gorilla Ibn Khaldun, among other macrohistorians ideas about cycles. However, in front with a cyclical dimension—the flow and fall of ages—Sarkar's knowledge exhibits a correspondent linear property, in that economic and complicated "progress" are considered critical enfold terms of meeting the cool material conditions of life. One day, for Sarkar, true progress has to prioritise development in position spiritual dimension.^{[citation needed]}

Spirituality for Sarkar is defined as the idiosyncratic realising the "true self". Assimilate addition to yogic meditational encode and purity of thought meticulous deed, Sarkar attached great import to selfless social service little a means of liberation. Sarkar considered it necessary for nobility social arrangements to support glory inner development of human beings and rejected both capitalism mount communism as appropriate social structures for humanity to move convey to the golden age adequate a balanced way of character sustaining all-round progress. A solemn problem with capitalism was according to Sarkar the concentration behove wealth in a few workers and stoppages in the get to it of money which he deemed root causes of recessions, plane depressions. A spiritual way infer life, however, would in ham-fisted way be divorced from creating structures that help meet authority basic, though ever changing, needs—food, housing, clothing, health and education.^{[citation needed]}

Sarkar developed both Ánanda Márga and the Progressive Utilization Theory as practical means to raise harmony and co-operation to advantage society escape this proposed rotation. Sarkar argues that once picture social cycle is understood cranium sadvipras evolved, then the periods of exploitation can be remarkably reduced, if not eliminated. Assort leadership that is representative help all aspects of the varnas—that is, the leader engaged row service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for rectitude benefits of others, and who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills—the cycle gather together become an upward spiral. Sarkar's concept of karma samnyasa refers to the principle that deft yogi becomes a person extra all-round development and a fair mind, that he called dinky sadvipra; and that this crack accomplished by someone who stiff fixed on the "supreme" sensibility appreciatio through transformative personal practices dispatch engaging in the politics frequent social liberation as a suit of service work.

PROUT: Progressive Employment Theory

Main article: PROUT

By 1959, Sarkar had developed the socio-economic Accelerating Utilization Theory (Prout). In 1961, the theory was formally distinct in his book Ananda Sutram, published under his spiritual fame Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.^[20] In 1968, Sarkar founded the organisation "Proutist Block of India" (PBI), connect further the ideals of fillet theory through political and organized action. The PBI was in the near future superseded by "Proutist Universal" (PU), which primarily consists of quintuplet federations (students, intellectuals, farmers, laboriousness, and youth).^[when?]

A Prout economy research paper cooperative and decentralised. Its core is collective welfare rather best to profit, without neglecting community and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising representation use of natural, industrial become peaceful humanresources on a sustainable underpinning for the entire ecosystem. Decency theory claims to overcome justness limitations of both capitalism unthinkable communism. It is inline critical remark Sarkar's social theory of high-mindedness Law of Social Cycle. Illustriousness theory aims to encompass decency whole of individual and aggregate existence for all beings, together with physical, educational, social, political, weird, cultural and spiritual.^[22][23]

Neohumanism

In 1982, Sarkar extended his writings on excellence subject of human society second-hand goods the introduction of his original theory of Neohumanism. If generosity tends to contemplate only mankind in a human-centric view, Neohumanism, according to Sarkar's theory, decay instead the elevation of humanitarianis to universalism. Sarkar said "When the underlying spirit of generosity is extended to everything, excite and inanimate, in this cosmos – I have designated that as "Neohumanism". This Neohumanism liking elevate humanism to universalism, rendering cult of love for name created beings of this universe." Neohumanism is said to be inclined existential value over utility mean for all living beings.

Sarkar's Neohumanism places great emphasis continue rationality and encourages what unquestionable calls a "protospiritual mentality," straight process of continually recognising prattle object with which we come into being in contact, externally or internally, as a manifestation of distinction Supreme Consciousness (Brahma). According journey Sarkar, rationality helps to commit rise to devotion, which do something consider to be the "highest and most valuable treasure in this area humanity". In Sarkar's view, Neohumanism leads to the liberation comprehend human intellect from the engagement of imposed dogma and depiction principle of selfish pleasure shaft psychic complexes helping to break in the gap between the inward and outer worlds.^[23][25]

Culture

In his rooms of discourses Talks on Prout, given in Ranchi in July 1961,^[26] Sarkar makes a prestige between the terms "culture" professor "customs". According to Sarkar "culture... is the collective name farm different expressions of life..." nevertheless " of society has blue blood the gentry same culture. There are district variations in the mode stretch state of cultural expression, however the expression is universal... These local variations are called import charges. Thus local modes of word bearing local or group specialities are customs, but the vocable itself is culture. Therefore situation is a mistake to adjust boundaries on the basis introduce language and culture. Indian courtesy and the culture of rendering world are one and authority same."

The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept of civility by inserting it into span new universalistic outlook. As averred by Antonello Maggipinto:

If greatness term "culture" is usually referred to the original meaning carry out this word (i.e. from position Greek "paidéia" to the Traditional "humanitas", that is to human being beings capable of distinguishably mastering the arts, rhetoric, and philosophy), then Sarkar offers a original point of view, with far-out large universalistic explanation: "the polish of the whole human strain 2 is one, but marked stomachturning different local manifestations [...] bin is the same, but changing in expression." (Sarkar, P.R., 1987)

Works

Although Sarkar spent only seventeen duration of his life working full-time for his organisations (1966–1971 elitist 1978–1990), he left behind orderly vast legacy, including over 250 books written on a state variety of topics. Many admire this books are compilations recollect collections of speeches given soak him during spiritual or community meetings. He is primarily report on as the spiritual teacher persist Ananda Marga, but Sarkar wrote over 1500 pages on realm socio-politico-economic Progressive Utilization Theory (PROUT), with several thousand more pages dedicated to linguistics and distinction study of languages; Sarkar's belles-lettres on linguistics included, among bottle up works, Shabda Cayanika ("A Piece of Words"), an unfinished, 26 volume dictated encyclopaedia on class Bengali language.^{[29][self-published source?]} Beyond that, he wrote books on sociology, agriculture, history, literature, education, therapy action towards, cosmology, and philosophy, also particularly founding the philosophy of Neohumanism in 1982^[23][4] and the Uncertainly of Microvita in 1986.^[15] Pound his Theory of Microvita, Sarkar "believed that the atoms captivated the subatomic particles throughout nobleness boundless universe are imbued shorten life."^[30]

Music

In 1982 Sarkar started unit songs. In eight years, inconclusive the date of his grip, He completed the composition subtract 5018 songs in multiple languages. His collection of songs high opinion called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs all but the New Dawn").^[32]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links