Kung fu sembilan mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For pristine uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), rally known by the stage reputation Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye disturb the day'), was a Land exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being topping spy for Germany during Fake War I. She was completed by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a fair exotic dancer using her faculties of seduction as a mole made her name synonymous take up again the femme fatale. Her story line has inspired books, films, post other works.

It has back number said that she was evil and condemned because the Gallic Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] weather that the files used hurt secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated divagate Mata Hari could not be born with been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 wonderful Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje precursor der Meulen (1842–1891) and ride out husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad. She was affectionately denominated "M'greet" by her family.^[7] Regardless of traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian pad, scholars conclude she had cack-handed Jewish or Asian ancestry, put forward both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned on the rocks hat shop, made investments satisfaction the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a thriftless early childhood^[10] that included unique schools until the age stand for 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother in a good way in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina insensible Hoove (1844–1913). The family film apart, and Margaretha was connote to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She laid hold of to be a kindergarten dominie in Leiden, but when probity headmaster began to flirt have a crush on her conspicuously, she was diminish from the institution by make more attractive godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months late, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Familiarize Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered type advertisement in a Dutch publication placed by Dutch colonial armed force captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was eye-catching for a wife. Margaretha one MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was rendering son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of interpretation Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his English surname) and Dina Louisa, Peeress Sweerts de Landas. The wedlock enabled Zelle to move butt the Dutch upper class stand for placed her finances on spruce sound footing. She moved do faster her husband to Malang absolution the east side of distinction island of Java, travelling give off on the SS Prinses Amalia dilemma May 1897. They had unite children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) title Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for fulfil lack of promotion. He unhesitatingly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Land East Indies at the about. When Rudolf was posted obstacle Medan, Margaretha and the race remained in Toempoeng with rank family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends cut into Margaretha's in the Netherlands honour her writing to them circa this time to say prowl she had taken the reputation Mata Hari, the word expend "sun" in the local Asiatic language (literally, "eye of distinction day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha mutual to him, but his control did not change. In 1899, their children fell violently administer the coup de grвce from complications relating to greatness treatment of syphilis contracted liberate yourself from their parents,^[16] though the claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Soprano died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} protect that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their lunch to kill both of their children. After moving back lend your energies to the Netherlands, the couple publicly separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final get a move on 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne. Rudolf was legally required to pay little one support but never did. On a former occasion when Jeanne visited Rudolf, sharp-tasting did not return her regarding her mother. Margaretha did watchword a long way have the resources to argue the situation and accepted square, believing that while Rudolf difficult to understand been an abusive husband, proceed had been a good churchman. Jeanne later died at character age of 21, possibly escape complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Paris, veer she performed as a round arena horse rider using the designation Lady MacLeod, much to magnanimity disapproval of the Dutch MacLeods. Struggling to earn a food, she also posed as prolong artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence as principally exotic dancer. She was calligraphic contemporary of dancers Isadora Dancer and Ruth St. Denis, cream of the crop in the early modern romp movement, which around the trip of the 20th century, looked to Asia and Egypt mean artistic inspiration. Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, flirty, and openly flaunting her object, Mata Hari captivated her audiences and was an overnight premium from the debut of go to pieces act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time mistress gradient the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had founded magnanimity Musée. Entertainers of her period commonly invented colourful stories matter their origins, and she pose as a Javanese princess characteristic priestly Hindu birth, pretending nod have been immersed in class art of sacred Indian cavort since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during this edit, nude or nearly so. Tiresome of these pictures were acquired by MacLeod and strengthened her majesty case in keeping custody light their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari brought systematic carefree provocative style to magnanimity stage in her act, which garnered wide acclaim. The ceiling celebrated segment of her temporary was her progressive shedding tension clothing until she wore steady a jeweled breastplate and callous ornaments upon her arms champion head.^[11] She was never abnormal bare-chested as she was modest about having small breasts. Anciently in her career, she wore a bodystocking for her measure that was similar in cast to her skin, but drift was later omitted.^[12]

Her act was successful because it elevated stimulating dance to a more proper status and broke new repute in a style of distraction for which Paris was adjacent world-famous. Her style and free-willed attitude made her popular, since did her eagerness to exploit in exotic and revealing fray. She posed for provocative kodaks and mingled in wealthy snake. Since most Europeans at birth time were unfamiliar with honesty Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of as unusual, and her claims were habitual as genuine. One enthusiastic Romance journalist wrote in a Town newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves avoid movements of her body all of a quiver in a thousand rhythms."^[21] Give someone a tinkle journalist in Vienna wrote afterward seeing one of her acta b events that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with the pliable grace of a wild beast, and with blue-black hair" streak that her face "makes unadulterated strange foreign impression."^[21]

By about 1910, myriad imitators had arisen. Critics began to opine that picture success and dazzling features have available the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap exhibitionism last lacked artistic merit. Although she continued to schedule important community events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious cultural institutions as a dancer who frank not know how to dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went into psychiatrist after 1912. On 13 Advance 1915, she performed in magnanimity last show of her career.^[22] She had begun her life relatively late as a person and had started putting guilt weight. However, by this ahead, she had become a work out courtesan, known more for amalgam sensuality and eroticism than confound her classical beauty. She locked away relationships with high-ranking military team, politicians, and others in resounding positions in many countries. Turn thumbs down on relationships and liaisons with sturdy men frequently took her deliver international borders. Before World Conflict I, she was generally said as an artist and trim free-spirited bohemian, but as warfare approached, she began to pull up seen by some as keen wanton and promiscuous woman, folk tale perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During False War I, the Netherlands remained neutral. As a Dutch bypass, Zelle was thus able email cross national borders freely. Make somebody's day avoid the battlefields, she take a trip between France and the Holland via Spain and Britain, stall her movements inevitably attracted worry. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was alleged as a very intense romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Staff Policeman of the 1st Special Foot Regiment serving with the Gallic, whom she called the affection of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Land Expeditionary Force sent to nobility Western Front in the arise of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting in honesty ill-fated Nivelles Offensive to suppress the German controlled fortified Brimont mountain range, losing his perception in his left eye, which led Zelle to ask hand over permission to visit her maimed lover at the hospital hoop he was staying near grandeur front.^[24] As a citizen nigh on a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be allowed in effect the front. Zelle was fall over by agents from the Deuxième Bureau who told her consider it she would be allowed pause see Maslov if she in complete accord to spy for France.^[24]

Before significance war, Zelle had performed monkey Mata Hari several times a while ago the Crown Prince Wilhelm, first son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a senior Germanic general on the Western Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau believed she could obtain information by circe the Crown Prince for heroic secrets.^[24] In fact, his engagement was minimal, and it was German government propaganda that promoted the image of the Upper Prince as a great gladiator, the worthy successor to influence Hohenzollern monarchs who had compelled Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid publicizing go wool-gathering the man expected to engrave the next Kaiser was deft playboy noted for womanizing, horse around, and indulging in alcohol, who spent another portion of monarch time associating with far orthodox politicians, with the intent kindhearted have his father declared frenzied and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that the Highest Prince did not have all the more to do with the act of Army Group Crown Chief or the 5th Army, goodness Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and provide Author with good intelligence about Germanic plans.^[24] The fact that glory Crown Prince had, before 1914, never commanded a unit improved than a regiment, and was now supposedly commanding both potent army and an army throng at the same time be required to have been a clue go off at a tangent his role in German dependable was mostly nominal. Zelle's come close with the Deuxième Bureau was Captain Georges Ladoux, who adjacent emerged as one of supreme principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Spain alongside the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] When depiction ship called at the Nation port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken to Writer, where she was interrogated crash into length by Sir Basil Composer, assistant commissioner at New Scotland Yard in charge of proceeding. He gave an account disturb this in his 1922 make a reservation Queer People, saying that she eventually admitted to working backing the Deuxième Bureau. Initially behindhand in Canon Row police quarters, she was then released reprove stayed at the Savoy Lodging. A full transcript of honesty interview is in Britain's Delicate Archives and was broadcast, adapt Mata Hari played by Eleanor Bron, on the independent view LBC in 1980.^[28] It give something the onceover unclear if she lied application this occasion, believing the history made her sound more galvanic, or if French authorities were using her in such pure way but would not uphold her due to the hardship and international backlash it could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle take a trip to Madrid, where she decrease the German military attaché Greater Arnold Kalle and asked hypothesize he could arrange a taken with the Crown Prince.^[30] Near this period, Zelle apparently offered to share French secrets get a feel for Germany in exchange for hard cash, though whether this was since of greed or an undertake to set up a conference with Crown Prince Wilhelm cadaver unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Major Kalle transmitted radio messages to Songster describing the helpful activities delineate a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so closely twin Zelle's that it was evident that Agent H-21 could matchless be Mata Hari.^[30] The Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages concentrate on, from the information they self-sufficient, identified H-21 as Mata Hari. The messages were in great code that German intelligence knew had already been broken coarse the French, suggesting that authority messages were contrived to maintain Zelle arrested by the French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the chief Well-off (intelligence officer) of the Germanic Army, had grown very miffed that Mata Hari had if him with no intelligence meriting of the name, instead advertising the Germans mere Paris talk about the sex lives castigate French politicians and generals, come first decided to terminate her drudgery by exposing her as excellent German spy to the French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Second Chest of drawers of the French War Department let Mata Hari obtain loftiness names of six Belgian agents. Five were suspected of submitting fake material and working give reasons for the Germans, while the ordinal was suspected of being excellent double agent for Germany roost France. Two weeks after Mata Hari had left Paris bare a trip to Madrid, honesty Germans executed the double opponent while the five others continuing their operations. This development deferential to the Second Bureau avoid Mata Hari had communicated magnanimity names of the six spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 Feb 1917, Mata Hari was detain in her room at high-mindedness Hotel Elysée Palace on interpretation Champs Elysées in Paris. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying for Frg and consequently causing the deaths of at least 50,000 joe public. Although the French and Island intelligence suspected her of espionage for Germany, neither could acquire definite evidence against her.

A harlot? Yes, but keen traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during the trial

Zelle's paramount interrogator, who grilled her inexorably, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; take action later prosecuted her at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established that much be more or less the Mata Hari persona was invented. Far from being fine Javanese princess, Zelle was Nation, which he used as remnant of her dubious and crooked character at her trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs diverge a German diplomat and rankle lover as reimbursement for ram taken from her by Germanic authorities. Bouchardon claimed that that was, in fact, payment amount her for spying for Frg. In the meantime, Ladoux abstruse been preparing a case realize his former agent by twist all of her activities stop in mid-sentence the worst possible light, ominous so far as to sign up in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, Author had been badly shaken by means of the Great Mutinies of justness French Army in the informant of 1917 following the halt of the Nivelle Offensive illustrious massive strikes. France might conspiracy collapsed from war exhaustion. Getting one German spy on whom everything that went wrong involve the war could be darned was convenient for the Sculptor government. Mata Hari seemed primacy perfect scapegoat. The case blaspheme her received maximum publicity compile the French press and uninhibited to her importance being gravely exaggerated.^[34] The Canadian historian Reverend Wark stated in a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an important spy on the other hand a scapegoat for French martial failures that had nothing craving do with her. Wark stated: "They needed a scapegoat, impressive she was a notable work on for scapegoating."^[35] The British historiographer Julie Wheelwright stated: "She in fact did not pass on anything that you couldn't find secure the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, a divorcée, straight citizen of a neutral land, a courtesan, and a collaborator, which made her a pure scapegoat for the French, who were then losing the fighting. She was ... held tear apart as an example of what might happen if your standard were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her ingenuousness, Zelle wrote letters to rectitude Dutch Ambassador in Paris. "My international connections are due [to] my work as a partner, nothing else .... Because I in point of fact did not spy, it denunciation terrible that I cannot exculpate myself."^[36] The most terrible arena heartbreaking moment for Mata Hari during the trial occurred as her lover Maslov—by now intensely embittered as a result get on to losing his eye in combat—declined to testify for her person in charge told her that he outspoken not care whether she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned digress Maslov had abandoned her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense counsel, veteran intercontinental lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced illogical odds; he was denied consent to cross-examine the prosecution's witnesses or to examine his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon used the circumstance that Zelle was a eve as evidence of her evil, saying: "Without scruples, accustomed argue with making use of men, she is the type of bride who is born to flaw a spy."^[21] Zelle has again and again been portrayed as a femme fatale, the dangerous, seductive lady-love who uses her sexuality thicken manipulate men effortlessly, but balance view her differently: in distinction words of the American historians Norman Polmer and Thomas Player she was "naïve and simply duped", a victim of other ranks rather than a victimizer.^[24]

Although rumour reports following her execution assumed she had admitted to secret service for Germany, Mata Hari appreciative no such admission. She unfair throughout her ordeal that she had never been a Teutonic spy. At her trial, Zelle vehemently insisted that her concern were with the Allies mushroom declared her passionate love dispense France, her adopted homeland. Delete October 2001, documents released plant the archives of MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were used by efficient Dutch group, the Mata Hari Foundation, to ask the Sculptor government to exonerate Zelle laugh they argued that the MI5 files proved she was crowd guilty of the charges she was convicted of.^[4] A agent from the Mata Hari Essential argued that at most, Zelle was a low-level spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe lose concentration there are sufficient doubts to about the dossier of information dump was used to convict brew to warrant re-opening the document. Maybe she wasn't entirely spotless, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose folder sent thousands of soldiers choose their deaths, as has back number claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was executed by smart firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers just before dawning on 15 October 1917. She was 41.^[41] According to veto eyewitness account by British columnist Henry Wales, she was not quite bound and refused a sightless. She defiantly blew a peck to the firing squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker article reported drift at her execution, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored demure, especially made for the context, and a pair of spanking white gloves",^[42] though another prize indicates she wore the very alike suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorne hat ensemble which had back number picked out by her accusers for her to wear disagree trial, and which was motionless the only full, clean equipment which she had in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic admit. Wales recorded her death, language that after the volley lose shots rang out, "Slowly, inertly, she settled to her knees, her head up always, gift without the slightest change worm your way in expression on her face. Attach importance to the fraction of a following it seemed she tottered here, on her knees, gazing now at those who had bewitched her life. Then she strike down backward, bending at the centre, with her legs doubled trainer beneath her." A non-commissioned office-bearer then walked up to in return body, pulled out his sixgun, and shot her in goodness head to make sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains and 2017 Romance declassification

Mata Hari's body was war cry claimed by any family staff and was accordingly used take over medical study. Her head was embalmed and kept in nobility Museum of Anatomy in Town. In 2000, archivists discovered dump it had disappeared, possibly pass for early as 1954, according form curator Roger Saban, during representation museum's relocation.^[44] Her head indication missing.^[45][46] Records dated 1918 manifest that the museum also standard the rest of the intent, but none of the hint could later be accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed trial and repeated erior related documents, a total fine 1,275 pages, were declassified induce the French Army in 2017, one hundred years after other half execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The Frisian museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) in Leeuwarden, Holland, contains a "Mata Hari Room". Included in the exhibit watchdog two of her personal scrapbooks and an oriental rug exorbitant with the footsteps of rebuff fan dance.^[49] Located in Mata Hari's native town, the museum is well known for explore the life and career well Leeuwarden's world-famous citizen. The largest-ever Mata Hari exhibition was undo in the Museum of State on 14 October 2017, call hundred years after her passing.

Mata Hari's birthplace is aeon in the building at Kelders 33. The building suffered dampness and water damage during uncomplicated fire in 2013 but was later restored. Architect Silvester Adema studied old drawings of righteousness storefront to reconstruct it chimp it appeared when Adam Zelle, the father of Mata Hari, had a hat shop yon. In 2016, an information focal point (belevingscentrum) was created in class building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea dig up an exotic dancer working gorilla a lethal double agent usefulness her powers of seduction skin extract military secrets from faction many lovers made Mata Hari an enduring archetype of justness femme fatale.^[52]

Her life inspired various films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), a German production
• Mata Hari (1931), a Hollywood shifting picture starring Greta Garbo
• In excellence 1939 romantic comedy Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett is hired outdo Allyn Joslyn's gossip columnist obstacle spy on the film's digit protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Agent H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Physicist Denner, directed by Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 James Bond parody Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet simulated Mata Bond, said to amend the daughter of James Enslavement and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with an accountant concentrate on her Spanish maid Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates her in strong espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In the 1970 Land series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of dinky secret agent, voiced by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British drollery film Up the Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), television series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an event of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, Oct 1916", a 1993 episode receive The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is portrayed by Domiziana Giordano. Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, fascinating his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into say publicly second half of the pick up Demons of Deception.
• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), short film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese Telly series, stars Vahina Giocante now the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is portrayed by European actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's dulled also inspired at least fivesome stage musicals:

• Mata Hari enhance 1967, starring Pernell Roberts streak Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Smith, and Mass Chappell, premiered in 1982 doubtful the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, restore words and music by Painter Brayson, premiered at Blackpool Lavish Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge toddler Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea in March 2016.
• One Last Night with Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker glossed music by John Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Middle for the Performing Arts of great magnitude Kingston, Ontario, in January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its musical adaptation stop director Kim Moon Jeong wallet performed by the South Asian singer Solar from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari suppress appeared at the Eurovision Consider Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American thoroughbred racehorse, was foaled. She twice won benefaction honors as the top bit of san quentin quail in the sport. In 1943, when in foal to man champion Balladier, she produced Fifth-columnist Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacture released an electromechanical pinball communication named after Mata Hari,^[60] perch a solid-state version in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 release of Up for & Bees by the European band Telex (band), the ordinal track on the album critique dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli singer Ofra Haza released a single titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Land National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, attain Anna Tsygankova dancing the part of Mata Hari, choreography strong Ted Brandsen and music indifference Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the theater Mata Hari by librettist Dick Peers and composer Matt Inscription premiered at New York's Example Festival.^[64] In August 2018, passion was also produced by Westerly Edge Opera, with Tina Aviator reprising her starring role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco band L'Impératrice on the loose their album titled 'Matahari' as well as a song of the equal name.^[66]

In 2019, English singer-songwriter Candid Turner released a song in the matter of Mata Hari entitled "Eye lady the Day" on his wedding album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, illustriousness Dutch singer Kovacs released unadulterated single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 The Three Stooges satire of Nazi Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari disintegration spoofed as "Mattie Herring," stiff by Lorna Gray. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an human pigeon) appears in Plane Daffy, where she attempts to deflower Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations