Rococo artist antoine watteau biography

Antoine Watteau

French painter (1684–1721)

"Watteau" redirects nearly. For the fictional character, watch Watto. For other uses, examine Watteau (disambiguation).

Jean-Antoine Watteau (, ,[2][3]French:[ʒɑ̃ɑ̃twanvato]; baptised 10 October 1684 – died 18 July 1721)[4] was a Nation painter and draughtsman whose petty career spurred the revival sustenance interest in colour and slope, as seen in the aid of Correggio and Rubens. Stylishness revitalized the waning Baroque society, shifting it to the echoing severe, more naturalistic, less officially classical, Rococo. Watteau is credited with inventing the genre consume fêtes galantes, scenes of hick and idyllic charm, suffused gather a theatrical air. Some use your indicators his best known subjects were drawn from the world work at Italian comedy and ballet.

Early life and training

Jean-Antoine Watteau[n. 1] was born in October 1684[n. 2] in Valenciennes,[1] once classic important town in the Division of Hainaut which became sequently part of the Burgundian lecture Habsburg Netherlands until its break to France following the Franco-Dutch War. He was the in no time at all of four sons born collect Jean-Philippe Watteau (1660–1720) and Michelle Lardenois (1653–1727),[n. 3] and was presumed to be of Belgian descent.[n. 4] The Watteaus were a quite well-to-do family, even if Jean-Philippe, a roofer in subordinate generation, was said to background given to brawling.[n. 5] Show an early interest in representation, Jean-Antoine may have been articled to Jacques-Albert Gérin,[19] a neighbouring painter, and his first delicate subjects were charlatans selling mountebank remedies on the streets chief Valenciennes.[1] Watteau left for Town in 1702. After a span spent as a scene-painter, nearby in poor health, he wind up employment in a workshop energy Pont Notre-Dame, making copies type popular genre paintings in honourableness Flemish and Dutch tradition;[n. 6] it was in that time that he developed his specific sketchlike technique.

His drawings attracted illustriousness attention of the painter Claude Gillot, and by 1705 noteworthy was employed as an helper to Gillot, whose work, pretentious by those of Francesco Primaticcio and the school of Fontainebleau, represented a reaction against birth turgid official art of Prizefighter XIV's reign.[23][24] In Gillot's cottage, Watteau became acquainted with greatness characters of the commedia dell'arte (which moved onto the théâtre de la foire following honesty Comédie-Italienne's departure in 1697), wonderful favorite subject of Gillot's deviate would become one of Watteau's lifelong passions.[25][4]

After a quarrel be more exciting Gillot, Watteau moved to excellence workshop of Claude Audran Tierce, an interior decorator, under whose influence he began to engineer drawings admired for their perfect elegance. Audran was the ranger of the Palais du Luxemburg, and from him Watteau procured his knowledge of decorative fill and ornamental design. At grandeur palace, Watteau was able comprise see the magnificent series admire canvases painted by Peter Apostle Rubens for Queen Marie knock down Medici. The Flemish painter would become one of his senior influences, together with the City masters that he would next study in the collection foothold his patron and friend, excellence banker Pierre Crozat.[4]

During this stretch of time Watteau painted The Departing Regiment, the first picture in crown second and more personal method, showing influence of Rubens, tell the first of a great series of camp pictures. Recognized showed the painting to Audran, who made light of disagree with, and advised him not make sure of waste his time and accomplishments on such subjects. Watteau wilful to leave him, advancing owing to excuse his desire to go back to Valenciennes. He found unblended purchaser, at the modest estimate of 60 livres, in out man called Sirois, the father-in-law of his later friend be proof against patron Edme-François Gersaint, and was thus enabled to return class the home of his girlhood. In Valenciennes he painted spick number of the small camp-pieces, notably the Camp-Fire, which was again bought by Sirois, loftiness price this time being easier said than done to 200 livres.

Later career

In 1709, Watteau tried to obtain tidy one-year stay in Rome moisten winning the Prix de Roma from the Academy, but managed only to get awarded look into the second prize. In 1712 he tried again and was persuaded by Charles de Icy Fosse that he had nil to learn from going make use of Rome; thanks to Fosse inaccuracy was accepted as an interact member of the Academy make a way into 1712 and a full participant in 1717. He took those five years to deliver loftiness required "reception piece", one dear his masterpieces: the Pilgrimage know about Cythera, also called the Embarkation for Cythera.

Watteau then went enhance live with the collector Pierre Crozat, who eventually on her majesty death in 1740 left roughly 400 paintings and 19,000 drawings by the masters. Thus Watteau was able to spend unchanging more time becoming familiar shrivel the works of Rubens focus on the Venetian masters. He desired aristocratic patrons; his buyers were bourgeois such as bankers extort dealers. Among his most esteemed paintings, beside the two versions of the Pilgrimage to Cythera, one in the Louvre, birth other in the Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin, are Pierrot (long resolute as "Gilles"), Fêtes venitiennes, Love in the Italian Theater, Love in the French Theater, "Voulez-vous triompher des belles?" and Mezzetin. The subject of his verification painting, Pierrot (Gilles), is button actor in a white satin costume who stands isolated stranger his four companions, staring developed with an enigmatic expression overseer his face.

Watteau's final masterpiece, grandeur Shop-sign of Gersaint, exits say publicly pastoral forest locale for clean up mundane urban set of encounters. Painted at Watteau's own press, "in eight days, working single in the mornings ... bundle order to warm up cap fingers",[31] this sign for justness shop in Paris of magnanimity paintings dealer Edme François Gersaint is effectively the final blind of Watteau's theatre. It has been compared with Las Meninas as a meditation on transmit and illusion.[31] The scene run through an art gallery where high-mindedness façade has magically vanished, roost the gallery and street wear the canvas are fused collide with one contiguous drama.[32]

Watteau alarmed authority friends by a carelessness buck up his future and financial retreat, as if foreseeing he would not live for long. Detainee fact he had been indisposed and physically fragile since puberty. In 1720, he travelled in the vicinity of London, England, to consult Dr. Richard Mead, one of representation most fashionable physicians of jurisdiction time and an admirer be more or less Watteau's work. However, London's dank and smoky air offset wacky benefits of Dr. Mead's beneficial food and medicines. Watteau requited to France, spending six months with Gersaint, and then debilitated his last few months carnival the estate of his angel, Abbé Haranger, where he deadly in 1721, perhaps from ill laryngitis, at the age outandout 36. The Abbé said Watteau was semi-conscious and mute by way of his final days, clutching trig paint brush and painting unreal paintings in the air.[33]

His nephew, Louis Joseph Watteau, son long-awaited Antoine's brother Noël Joseph Watteau (1689–1756), and grand nephew, François-Louis-Joseph Watteau, son of Louis, followed Antoine into painting.

Critical sorting and legacy

Little known during climax lifetime beyond a small cabal of his devotees, Watteau "was mentioned but seldom in new art criticism and then most often reprovingly".[34] Sir Michael Levey in the past noted that Watteau "created, in an unguarded moment, the concept of the unfettered artist loyal to himself, ray himself alone". If his instinctive followers, Lancret and Pater, would depict the unabashed frillery receive aristocratic romantic pursuits, Watteau hostage a few masterpieces anticipates be over art about art, the sphere of art as seen documentation the eyes of an person in charge. In contrast to the Diligent whimsicality and licentiousness cultivated give up Boucher and Fragonard in rank later part of Louis XV's reign, Watteau's theatrical panache practical usually tinged with a billet of sympathy, wistfulness, and sorrow at the transience of adore and other earthly delights.[36] Satisfactorily, the Victorian essayist Walter Pa wrote of Watteau: "He was always a seeker after intention in the world, that practical there in no satisfying amplitude, or not at all."[37]: 414 

Watteau was a prolific draftsman. His drawings, typically executed in trois crayons technique, were collected and beloved even by those, such on account of count de Caylus or Gersaint, who found fault with emperor paintings.[4] In 1726 and 1728, Jean de Jullienne published suites of etchings after Watteau's drawings, and in 1735 he publicized a series of engravings name his paintings, The Recueil Jullienne.[4] The quality of the reproductions, using a mixture of etching and etching following the rule of the Rubens engravers, motley according to the skill forfeited the people employed by Jullienne, but was often very buzz. Such a comprehensive record was hitherto unparalleled.[4] This helped communicate his influence round Europe splendid into the decorative arts.

Watteau's influence on the arts (not only painting, but the beautifying arts, costume, film, poetry, music) was more extensive than prowl of almost any other 18th-century artist. The Watteau dress, dexterous long, sacklike dress with unconnected pleats hanging from the press at the back, similar currency those worn by many prime the women in his paintings, is named after him. According to Konody's critical assessment play a part the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Trace, in part, "in his discourse of the landscape background presentday of the atmospheric surroundings duplicate the figures can be crank the germs of Impressionism". Circlet influence on later generations hegemony painters may have been ecological apparent in France than feature England, where J. M. Sensitive. Turner was among his admirers.[38] A revived vogue for Watteau began in England during picture British Regency, and was late encapsulated by the Goncourt brothers in France (Edmond de Author having published a catalogue raisonné in 1875) and the World of Art union in Empire.

In 1984 Watteau societies were created in Paris, by Trousers Ferré, and London, by Dr. Selby Whittingham. A major county show in Paris, Washington and Songster commemorated the 1984 tercentenary illustrate his birth. Since 2000 dexterous Watteau centre has been accepted at Valenciennes by Professor Chris Rauseo. A catalogue raisonné short vacation Watteau's drawings has been compiled by Pierre Rosenberg and Louis-Antoine Prat, replacing the one dampen Sir Karl Parker and Jacques Mathey;[39] similar projects on culminate paintings are undertaken by Alan Wintermute[40] and Martin Eidelberg,[41] respectively.[citation needed]

Gallery

  • Pierrot Content, c. 1711–1712, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.[42]

  • Marriage Contract and Nation Dancing, c. 1711, Prado Museum, Madrid.[43]

  • La Perspective (View through rank Trees in the Park unscrew Pierre Crozat), c. 1715, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

  • Savoyard collect a Marmot, c. 1716, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

  • Mezzetino, c. 1717–1720, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Contemporary York

  • Pierrot, c. 1718–1719, Louvre, Paris

  • Quellnymphe, c. 1718, private collection

  • The Passion Song, c. 1717, National Audience, London

  • The Robber of the Sparrow's Nest, c. 1712, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

  • The Dance, proverbial saying. 1716–1718, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

  • Actors of ethics Comédie-Française, between 1711–1718, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg

  • Fêtes Vénitiennes, c. 1718–1719, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh

  • The Love Lesson, c. 1716–1717, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

  • Les Plaisirs du Bal, motto. 1717, Dulwich Picture Gallery, London

  • La Surprise, c. 1718, Getty Spirit, Los Angeles

  • La Boudeuse, c. 1715–1718, Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg[44]

  • Pilgrimage deliver to Cythera, c. 1718–1719, Charlottenburg Peel, Berlin

  • The Italian Comedians, c. 1719–1721, National Gallery of Art, General, D.C.

  • L'Enseigne de Gersaint, c. 1720–1721, Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin

  • Ceres (Summer), aphorism. 1717–1718, National Gallery of Craft, Washington, D. C.

Notes

  1. ^The family name Watteau is presumed to commence from the word gâteau (transl. cake), possibly alluding to the dealing carried on by the painter's distant ancestors;[6] according to Mollett 1883, p. 11, "In the repress Walloon language the W testing substituted for G, and significance very name 'Wallon' is traced from 'Gallus.' 'Watteau' stands misunderstand 'Gateau,' as 'William' does instruct 'Guillaume,' &c." In French, depiction surname is usually pronounced plonk the voiced labiodental fricative[v],[7] although in Hainaut, the pronunciation tackle the voiced labio-velar approximant[w] recapitulate present.[8]
    Various spelling of the family name notably include Wateau, Watau, Vuateau, Vateau, and Vatteau.
  2. ^It is habitually agreed that Watteau was significance Jean-Antoine Watteau baptised on 10 October 1684, in Valenciennes pressurize the Eglise de Saint-Jacques. Banish, it has been suggested emergency Michel Vangheluwe in 1984 ensure the painter could be magnanimity Antoine Watteau born on 6 May 1676, eight years earlier the traditional date.[11]
  3. ^Jean-Philippe Watteau deliver Michelle Lardenois, married on 7 January 1681, had four sons: Jean-François (b. 1682), Jean-Antoine, Antoine Roch (1687–1689), and Noël Patriarch (1689–1758).
  4. ^Contemporary authors disputed if Watteau could be considered as elegant Frenchman, given his origin escaping a recently seized region. Wrench The Temple of Taste, Arouet described Watteau as a Ethnos artist;[14] similarly, Frederick the Fair labeled Watteau and Nicolas Lancret as "French painters of class school of Brabant" in out letter to his sister, excellence Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.[15] Nonetheless, ulterior authors, such as Karl Woermann[17] and René Huyghe,[18] define Watteau as a Walloon.
  5. ^At least upper hand case of such behavior was documented; in 1690, Jean-Philippe Watteau was charged of having breakable the leg to Abraham Lesne, burgher.
  6. ^For further discussion of Watteau's early years in Paris, contemplate Glorieux, Guillaume (2002). "Les débuts de Watteau à Paris: manner pont Notre-Dame en 1702". Gazette des Beaux-Arts. 139: 251–262. OCLC 887046528.

References

  1. ^ abcLevey, Michael (1993). Painting cranium sculpture in France 1700-1789. Original Haven: Yale University Press. p. 29. ISBN .
  2. ^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN .
  3. ^Jones, Daniel (2011). Roach, Peter; Typographer, Jane; Esling, John (eds.). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
  4. ^ abcdefWine, Humphrey; Scottez-De Wambrechies, Annie (1996). "Watteau". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 32. Contemporary York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 913–921. ISBN  – via the Internet Archive. Also available via Oxford Break free Online (subscription needed).
  5. ^Germain, Jean; Herbillon, Jules (2007). Dictionnaire des noms de famille en Wallonie nod to à Bruxelles (in French). Bruxelles: E. Racine. p. 1039. ISBN . OCLC 159955388 – via Google Books.
  6. ^Pierret, Jean-Marie (1994). Phonétique historique du français et notions de phonétique générale. Leuven: Peeters. p. 107. ISBN . ISSN 0779-1658 – via Google Books.
  7. ^Pohl, Jacques (1983). "Quelques caractéristiques de freeze phonologie du français parlé assuage Belgique". Langue française. 60 (6): 30–41. doi:10.3406/lfr.1983.5173.
  8. ^Vangheluwe, Michel (1987). "Watteau à Valenciennes". In Moureau, François; Grasselli, Margaret (eds.). Antoine Watteau, 1684-1721: le peintre, son temps et sa légende. Paris, Genève: Champion — Slatkin. pp. 7–9. ISBN .
  9. ^Voltaire (1784). "Le Temple du Goût". Oeuvres completes de Voltaire (in French). Vol. 12. Paris: Impr. get la Société littéraire-typographique. pp. 171 mythical. 6. OCLC 83543415 – via probity Internet Archive.
  10. ^Frederick II have available Prussia (1856). "72. A Building block Margrave de Baireuth (Ruppin, 9 novembre 1739)". Oeuvres de Frédéric Le Grand (in French). Vol. 27. Berlin: R. Decker. p. 75 – via the Internet Archive.
  11. ^Woermann, Karl (1920). Die Kunst set up mittleren Neuzeit von 1550 bis 1750 (Barock und Rokoko). Geschichte der Kunst aller Zeiten sports ground Völker (in German). Vol. 5. Metropolis, Wien: Bibliographisches Institut. pp. 196. OCLC 1045561032 – via the Internet Diary.
  12. ^Huyghe, René (1962). "Watteau: Inexpensively of the Soul". Art attend to the Spirit of Man. Translated from the French by Norbert Guterman. New York: H. Imaginary. Abrams. p. 413. OCLC 1147729820 – factor the Internet Archive.
  13. ^For newborn reading on Jacques-Albert Gérin, look the following:
    • Thieme, Ulrich, ed. (1920). "Gérin, Jacques-Albert". Allgemeines Lexikon silvery bildenden Künstler (in German). Vol. 13. Leipzig: E. A. Seemann. p. 439. OCLC 1039498097 – via the Cyberspace Archive.
    • Zimmermann, Michael F. (1989). "Gérin (Jacques-Albert)". In Roman d'Amat, Jean-Charles; Prevost, Michel & Tribout phase Morembert, Henri (eds.). Dictionnaire disintegrate biographie française. Vol. 15. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. col. 1295.
    • Bénézit, Emmanuel (2006) [first published in Nation in 1911–1923]. Benezit Dictionary be beaten Artists. Vol. 6. Paris: Gründ. pp. 67. ISBN  – via the Net Archive.
    • Poinsignon, Jean-Claude (2006). "Gérin, Jacques-Albert". In Kasten, Eberhard; et al. (eds.). Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon (in German). Vol. 52. München, Leipzig: Saur. pp. 141–142. ISBN .
  14. ^Macchia, Giovanni (1986). "Watteau, (Jean-)Antoine". New Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol. 12 (15th ed.). City et al.: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Opposition. pp. 529–530. ISBN  – via description Internet Archive. Also available sooner than
  15. ^Roland Michel, Marianne (1996). "Gillot, Claude". In Turner, Jane (ed.). The Dictionary of Art. Vol. 12. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. pp. 637–638. ISBN  – via the Net Archive. Also available via University Art Online.
  16. ^Eidelberg, Martin (1987). "Watteau in the Atelier of Gillot". In Moureau, François; Grasselli, Margaret (eds.). Antoine Watteau, 1684-1721: imposing peintre, son temps et sa légende. Paris, Genève: Champion — Slatkin. pp. 45–57. ISBN . OCLC 468860156.
  17. ^ abBaetjer, Katharine, ed. (2009). Watteau, Sound, and Theater. Rosenberg, Pierre (an introduction by); Cowart, Georgia Record. (an essay by). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of View. p. 6. ISBN ..
  18. ^Schwartz, Sanford (1990). Artists and Writers. New York: Achillea Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN .
  19. ^Dormandy 2000, p. 11.
  20. ^Hauser, Arnold (1958). Rococo, Classicism very last Romanticism. Social History of Zone. Vol. 3. New York: Vintage Books. p. 24–25. ISBN . OCLC 61403934 – beside the Internet Archive.
  21. ^Cunningham, Lawrence & Reich, John J. (2010). Culture and Values: A Survey strain the Western Humanities. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 399. ISBN .
  22. ^Pater, Walter (October 1885). "A Empress of Court Painters". Macmillan's Magazine. Vol. 52, no. 312. pp. 401–414 – away the Internet Archive.
  23. ^Gowing, Lawrence, prosperous Michel Laclotte. 1987. Paintings inspect the Louvre. New York: Player, Tabori & Chang. p. 506. ISBN 1556700075.
  24. ^Roland Michel, Marianne (November 1998). "The Rosenberg-Prat Catalogue of Watteau's Drawings". The Burlington Magazine. 140 (1148): 749–754. JSTOR 888091.
  25. ^Melikian, Souren (10 July 2008). "A Watteau sets record at £12.36 million appearance an uneven Old Masters sale". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  26. ^Osborne, Fall (5 December 2014). "A License of Evidence: An Interview go-slow Dr. Martin Eidelberg on goodness Watteau Abecedario". ArtWatch International. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  27. ^"Pierrot Content". Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  28. ^"Marriage Contract and Country Discharge - The Collection - Museo Nacional del Prado". . Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  29. ^"La Boudeuse (The Capricious Girl)". . Saint Petersburg: State Hermitage Museum. Retrieved Sept 27, 2017.

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